Hernia
A hernia is a protrusion, bulge, or projection of abdominal contents through a weak or torn body wall that normally contains it. The weakened abdominal wall can be present at birth, or may have developed later in life.
Hernias do not always cause symptoms. However, when they do, the following can be seen:
A bulge or discomfort at the site of the hernia;
Pain, especially when straining.
These symptoms may be relieved when lying down, and exacerbated when coughing, straining (such as when lifting or carrying heavy objects), or standing up.
Hernias are most commonly seen in the groin (either an inguinal or femoral hernia), around the umbilicus, or a previous surgical incision (also called an incisional hernia). Inguinal hernias are the most common, and account for more than 9 out of 10 hernias. Femoral hernias occur high in the thigh, and are more common in women. Umbilical hernias push through a muscular weakness near the belly button. Incisional hernias occur after abdominal surgery, because the site of repair will often be structurally weaker.
Surgical repair of hernias is a common procedure. Approximately 40,000 Australians have their hernias surgically repaired every year, making it one of the most common operations performed in hospital.